Factors like population growth, encroachment into forested areas, and direct interaction with wildlife such as bushmeat consumption may have contributed to the spread of the Ebola virus. Since its discovery in , the majority of cases and outbreaks of Ebola Virus Disease have occurred in Africa. The Ebola outbreak in West Africa began in a rural setting of southeastern Guinea, spread to urban areas and across borders within weeks, and became a global epidemic within months.
Following the discovery of the virus, scientists studied thousands of animals, insects, and plants in search of its source called reservoir among virologists, people who study viruses. Gorillas, chimpanzees, and other mammals may be implicated when the first cases of an EVD outbreak in people occur. Like other viruses of its kind, it is possible that the reservoir host animal of Ebola virus does not experience acute illness despite the virus being present in its organs, tissues, and blood.
Thus, the virus is likely maintained in the environment by spreading from host to host or through intermediate hosts or vectors. African fruit bats are likely involved in the spread of Ebola virus and may even be the source animal reservoir host. The use of contaminated needles and syringes during the earliest outbreaks enabled transmission and amplification of Ebola virus. During the first outbreak in Zaire now Democratic Republic of Congo — DRC , nurses in the Yambuku mission hospital reportedly used five syringes for to patients a day.
Close contact with infected blood, reuse of contaminated needles, and improper nursing techniques were the source for much of the human-to-human transmission during early Ebola outbreaks. In , Reston ebolavirus was discovered in research monkeys imported from the Philippines into the U. Later, scientists confirmed that the virus spread throughout the monkey population through droplets in the air aerosolized transmission in the facility.
However, such airborne transmission is not proven to be a significant factor in human outbreaks of Ebola. In addition, the use of disposable equipment, such as needles, was introduced.
During the Kikwit, Zaire now DRC outbreak, the international public health community played a strong role, as it was now widely agreed that containment and control of Ebola virus were paramount in ending outbreaks. The local community was educated on how the disease spreads; the hospital was properly staffed and stocked with necessary equipment; and healthcare personnel was trained on disease reporting, patient case identification, and methods for reducing transmission in the healthcare setting.
In the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, healthcare workers represented only 3. Direct contact with the bodies of those who died from EVD proved to be one of the most dangerous — and effective — methods of transmission. Changes in behaviors related to mourning and burial, along with the adoption of safe burial practices, were critical in controlling that epidemic. The Pathogenesis of Ebola Virus Disease.
The discovery of Bombali virus adds further support for bats as hosts of ebolaviruses external icon. Nature Microbiology. Clinical Excellence for Nurse Practitioners. She details the international community's engagement in the epidemic's aftermath: a pattern of response and abandonment, urgency that devolves into amnesia. Ebola: Story of an Outbreak is essential reading for anyone who wants to comprehend Ebola, one of mankind's most mysterious, malicious scourges.
Garrett has issued a powerful call for governments, citizens, and the disease-fighting agencies of the wealthy world to take action. By clicking "Notify Me" you consent to receiving electronic marketing communications from Audiobooks.
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